

Comparative analysis and verification of engineering methods of shallow cracks effect for fracture toughness prediction for reactor pressure vessels
https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2019-100-4-140-165
Abstract
The main features of shallow cracks fracture are considered, and a brief analysis of methods allowing to predict the temperature dependence of the fracture toughness KJC (T) for specimens with shallow cracks is given. These methods include DA-method, (JQ)-method, (J-T)-method, “local methods” with its multiparameter probabilistic approach, GP method uses power approach, and also two engineering methods – RMSC (Russian Method for Shallow Crack) and EMSC (European Method for Shallow Crack). On the basis of 13 sets of experimental data for national and foreign steels, a detailed verification and comparative analysis of these two engineering methods were carried out on the materials of the VVER and PWR nuclear reactor vessels considering the effect of shallow cracks.
About the Authors
V. I. KostylevRussian Federation
Cand Sc. (Eng)
49 Shpalernaya St, 191015 St Petersburg
B. Z. Margolin
Russian Federation
Dr Sc (Eng)
49 Shpalernaya St, 191015 St Petersburg
References
1. Anikovsky , V.V., Ignatov, V.A., Timofeev, B.T., Filatov, V.M., Chernenk o , T.A., Analiz razmerov defektov v svarnykh korpusakh energeticheskogo oborudovaniya i ikh vliyanie na soprotivlenie razrusheniyu [Analysis of defect sizes in welded casings of power equipment and their influence on fracture resistance], Voprosy Sudostroeniya [Shipbuilding Issues Collection of Central Research Institute “RUMB”], 1982, Issue 34, pp. 17–32.
2. Gorynin, I .V., Ignatov, V.A., Zvezdin, Y. I., Timofeev, B.T., Brittle fracture resistance of welded high pressure vessels, Int. J. Pres. Ves. & Piping, 1988, V. 33, pp. 317–327.
3. Timofeev, B.T., Anikovsky, V.V., Brittle fracture toughness – Experimental estimation of RPV materials and their welds containing shallow cracks, Int. J. Pres. Ves. & Piping, 1994, V. 57, pp. 297– 304.
4. Alekseenko, N.N., Amaev, A.D., Gorynin, I.V., Nikolaev, V.A., Radiation damage of nuclear power plant pressure vessel steels, Illinois: La Grange Park, 1997.
5. Theiss, T.J., Shum, D.K.M., Rolf, S. T., Experimental and analytical investigation of the shallow-flaw effects in reactor pressure vessels: USNRC Report NUREG/CR-5886 (ORNL/TM-12115), 1992, July.
6. Sumpter, J.D.G. , Forbes, A.T., Constraint based analysis of shallow cracks in mild steel. Proceedings of the International Conference of Shallow Crack Fracture Mechanics, Toughness Tests and Application, Cambridge, UK, 1992, September.
7. Link, R.E., Joyce, J.A., Application of fracture toughness scaling models to the ductile-tobrittle transition: USNRC Report NUREG/CR-6279, 1996, January.
8. McAfee, W.J., Bass, B.R., Pennell, W.E., Bryson, J.W., Analyses and evaluation of constraint models: USNRC Report NUREG/CR-4219 (ORNL/TM-9593/V12&N1), 1996, pp.16–24.
9. Lidbary, D., e t a l ., Resent R&D on constraint based fracture mechanics: the Vocalist and NESC-IV projects, Proceedings of International Seminar “Transferability of Fracture Toughness Data for Integrity of Ferritic Steel Component”, European Commission, 2004, pp. 38–58.
10. Stumpfrock, L., Constraint modified fracture toughness specimens, Proceedings of International Seminar “Transferability of Fracture Toughness Data for Integrity of Ferritic Steel Component”, European Commission, 2004, pp. 59–74.
11. Gilles, P., VOCALIST Handbook, Proceedings of International Seminar. Transferability of Fracture Toughness Data for Integrity of Ferritic Steel Component, European Commission, 2004, pp. 312– 324.
12. Taylor N.G. , Nilsson K. -F. , Minnebo P., e t a l ., NESC-IV Project: An Investigation of the Transferability of Master Curve Technology to Shallow Flaws in Reactor Pressure Vessel Applications: Final Report, European Commission, 2005 (reference date 24/12/2019) URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/NESC-IV-Project%3A-an-Investigation-of-the-of-Master-Nigel-KarlFredrik/9e9d433f9661793136b3575c7b635d7548e574bb
13. Yuritzinn T., Ferry L., Chapul iot S . , Mongabure P . , Moinereau D., Dahl A., Gilles P. Illustration of the WPS benefit through BATMAN test series: Test on large specimens under WPS loading configurations, Eng. Fract. Mech., 2008, V. 75, pp. 2191–2207.
14. Wallin, K., Fracture toughness of engineering materials – estimation and application, EMAS Publishing, 2011.
15. Bilby, B.A., Cardew, G.E., Goldthorpe, M.R., Howard, I . C . A finite element investigation of the effects of specimen geometry on the fields of stress and strain at the tips of stationary cracks. Size effects in fracture, 1986, London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers, pp. 36–46.
16. RD EO 1.1.2.99.0920-2014: Calculation of resistance to brittle fracture of bodies of water-cooled power reactors at the design stage: Methodology of Rosenergoatom, Moscow, 2014.
17. MT 1.1.4.02.999.1295-2017: Calculation of the resistance to brittle fracture of the reactor vessels of VVER-1000 NPPs with an extended service life of up to 60 years: Methodology of Rosenergoatom, Moscow, 2017.
18. IAEA Guidelines: Unified procedure for lifetime assessment of components and piping in WWER nuclear power plants, VERLIFE, IAEA, 2014.
19. ASTM E 1921-10: Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T0, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range, Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
20. RD EO 1.1.2.09.0789-2012: Methodology for determining fracture toughness from test results of test specimens for calculating the strength and life of VVER-1000 reactor vessels of Rosenergoatom, 2012.
21. Dodds, R.H., Anderson, T . L . , Kirk, M.T. , A framework to correlate a/W ratio effects on elastic-plastic fracture toughness, Int. J. Fract., 1991, V. 48, pp. 1–22.
22. O ’Dowd, N.P., Shih, C.F. , Family of crack-tip fields characterized by a triaxiality parameter: Part I. Structure of fields. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1991, V. 39, pp. 989–1015.
23. O ’Dowd, N.P. , Shih, C.F. , Family of crack-tip fields characterized by a triaxiality parameter: Part II. Fracture applications. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1992, V. 40, pp. 939–963.
24. Margolin, B.Z., Shvetsova, V.A., Gulenko, A.G., Kostylev, V. I., Prometey local approach to brittle fracture: Development and application, Eng. Frac. Mech., V. 75, 2008, pp. 3483–3498.
25. Anderson, T.L., Dodds, R.H., J r., Specimen size requirements for fracture toughness testing in the transition region, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 1991, V. 19, No.2, pp. 123–134.
26. Leevers, P.S., Radon, J.C. , Inherent stress biaxiality in various fracture specimen geometries, Int. J. Fracture, 1983, V. 19, pp. 311–325.
27. Larsson, S.G., Carlsson, A. J., Influence of non-singular stress terms and specimen geometry on small-scale yielding at crack tips in elastic-plastic materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1973, V. 21, pp. 263–277.
28. Betegon, C., Hancock, J .W., Two-parameter characterization of elastic-plastic crack-tip fields, J. Appl. Mech., 1991, V. 58, pp. 104–110.
29. Beremin, F.M., A local criterion for cleavage fracture of a nuclear pressure vessel steel. Met. Trans., 1983, V. 14A, pp. 2277–87.
30. Gao, X., Dodds, R.H. J r., Engineering approach to assess constrain effects on cleavage fracture toughness, Engng. Frac. Mech., 2001, V. 68, pp. 263–283.
31. Wadier, Y., Le, H.N., Bargellini, R., An approach to predict cleavage fracture under nonproportional loading, Eng. Fract. Mech., 2013, V. 97, pp. 30–51.
32. Ritchie, R.O., Knott, J.F., Rice, J.R., On the relation between critical tensile stress and fracture toughness in mild steel, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1973, V. 21, pp. 395–410.
33. Rice, J.R., A path-independent integral and the approximate analysis of strain concentration by notches and cracks, J. Appl. Mech., 1968, V. 35, рр. 379–386.
34. Williams, M.L., On the stress distribution at the base of a stationary crack, J. Applied Mechanics, 1957, V. 24, pp. 109–114.
35. Chen, J.H., Cao, R., Micromechanism of cleavage fracture of metals: a comprehensive microphysical model for cleavage cracking in metals, Elsevier, 2015.
36. Bordet , S.R., Karstensen, A.D., Knowl es, D.M., Wiesner, C.S., A new statistical local criterion for cleavage fracture in steel. Part 1: model presentation, Engng Fract Mech, (2005), V. 72, pp. 435–452.
37. Margolin, B.Z., Rivkin , E.Yu., Karzov, G.P., Kostylev , V.I., Gulenko, A.G., Novye podkhody k raschetu khrupkoy prochnosti korpusov reaktorov [New approaches for structural integrity assessment of reactor pressure vessels], Voprosy Materialovedeniya, 2000, No 4 (24), pp. 63–75.
38. Karzov, G.P. , Margolin, B. Z., Rivkin , E.Yu., Analysis of structure integrity of RPV on the basis of brittle fracture criterion: new approaches, Int. J. Pres. Ves. & Piping, 2004, V. 81, pp. 651–656.
39. Wallin, K., Quantifying T-Stress controlled constraint by the Master Curve transition temperature T0. Eng. Fract. Mech., 2001, V. 68, pp. 303–328.
40. Margolin, B.Z., Shvetsova, V.A., Kritery khrupkogo razrusheniya: strukturnomekhanichesky podkhod [The criterion of brittle fracture: structural-mechanical approach], Problemy prochnosti, 1992, No 2, pp. 3–16.
41. Margolin, B.Z., Shvetsova, V.A., Local criterion for cleavage fracture: structural and mechanical approach, J. de Physique IV, 1996, V. 6, C6-225–C6-234.
42. Margolin, B.Z., Shvetsova, V.A., Karzov, G.P., Brittle fracture of nuclear pressure vessel steels. Part 1: Local criterion for cleavage fracture, Int. J. Pres. Ves. & Piping, V. 72, 1997, pp. 73–87.
43. Margolin, B.Z., Shvetsova, V.A., Gul enko, A.G., Kostylev, V. I., Application of a new cleavage fracture criterion for fracture toughness prediction for RPV steels, Fatigue Fract. Engng. Mater. Struct., 2006, V. 29, pp. 697–713.
44. Sherry, A.H., France, C.C., Goldthorne, M.R., Compendium of T-stress solutions for two and three dimensional cracked geometries, Fatigue Fract. Engng. Mater. Struct., 1995, V. 18, pp. 141– 156.
45. Anderson, T.L., Fracture mechanics – fundamentals and application, CRC press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Ration, 2005.
46. Karzov, G., Margolin, B., Fracture Mechanisms and Structural Integrity Assessment of Equipments for NPP with Different Types of Reactors, Proceedings of 19th European Conference on Fracture “Fracture Mechanics for Durability, Reliability and Safety”, Kazan, 2012, ID 445.
Review
For citations:
Kostylev V.I., Margolin B.Z. Comparative analysis and verification of engineering methods of shallow cracks effect for fracture toughness prediction for reactor pressure vessels. Voprosy Materialovedeniya. 2019;(4(100)):140-165. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2019-100-4-140-165