

On thermophysical parameters of ion-thermal plasma technology for spent nuclear fuel processing
https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2022-112-4-199-211
Abstract
The paper describes the development of the Ion Sputtering – Thermal Separation (IS-TS) technology for closed nuclear fuel cycle and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing. The atomization of the SNF pellet is performed by the plasma discharge in an inert gas or hydrogen medium, sputtered SNF atoms in the gas flow move along the separating diffusion tube and deposite separately on selected sections of the tube due to differentiation by saturated vapor temperatures. Based on the numerical calculation of the temperature field and the velocity field of the carrier gas, the values of the thermophysical parameters of the technology are obtained, which make it possible to design a prototype of a diffusion separation system with the optimal mode of sputtering and separate collection of SNF elemental components.
About the Authors
A. S. PetrovskayaRussian Federation
Cand Sc (Phys-Math)
199034 St Petersburg, 17th line V.O., 4–6/letter B
A. B. Tsyganov
Russian Federation
Cand Sc (Phys-Math)
199034 St Petersburg, 17th line V.O., 4–6/letter B
S. V. Surov
Russian Federation
115035 Moscow, Kadashevskaya Embankment, 32/2, bdg 1
D. A. Blokhin
Russian Federation
115035 Moscow, Kadashevskaya Embankment, 32/2, bdg 1
References
1. Haperskaya , A.B., Problemi obrasheniya s OJAT v Rossii i perspectivi ih resheniya [Problems of SNF processing in Russia and prospects for its solution], Bezopastnostj yadernykh technologij i okruzhaushei sredi, 2012, No 3, pp. 50–56.
2. Gosudarstvennaya korporatsya po atomnoy energii “Rosatom”. Programma sozdaniya infrastructury I obrazhenija c otrabotavshim yadernim toplivom na 2011–2020 gody i na period do 2030 goda [State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom. Program for infrastructure development and spent nuclear fuel management for 2011–2020 and for the period up to 2030], Bezopastnostj yadernih tenologij i okruzhaushei sredi, 2012, No 2, pp. 43–55.
3. Zerin , I.I., Amelina , G.N., Himiya toriya, urana, plutoniya [Chemistry of thorium, uranium, plutonium]: Uchebnoe posobie, Tomsk: TPU, 2010.
4. Xu , M., Smolenski, V., Liu , Q., Novoselova , A. et al., Thermodynamic properties of stable states cerium compounds in fused 3LiCl–2KCl eutectic, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2021, V. 152, p. 106260. DOI:10.1016/j.jct.2020.106260
5. Patent RU № 2603019: Sposob pererabotki obluchennogo yadernogo topliva [Method of processing irradiated nuclear fuel] / Volk, V.I., Arseenkov, L.V., Smirnov, S.I., Veselov, S.N., Dvoeglazov, K.N., Gavrilov, P.M., Alekseenko, V.N., Dyachenko, A.S., Publ. 20.11.2016, Application № 2015152512/07.
6. Patent RU № 2556108: Sposob pererabotki obluchennogo yadernogo topliva [Method of processing irradiated nuclear fuel], Stolyarevskiy, A.Y., Publ. 10.17.2015, Application № 2014123394/05.
7. Patent RU № 2626763: Sposob rastvoreniya oblychennogo yadernogo topliva [Method of dissolving voloxidated irradiated nuclear fuel], Zhabin A.Y., Apalkov G.A., Smirnov S.N., Aksutin P.V., Dyachenko, A.S., Malysheva, V.A., Publ. 01.08.2017, Application № 2016135602.
8. Kulagin , V.A., Kulagina , T.A., Matyushenko, A.I., Pererabotka otrabotavshego yadernogo topliva i obrasheniya s radioactivnymi othodami [Spent fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste management], Zhyrnal Sibirskogo federal’nogo universiteta. Tehnika I tehnologii, 2013, No 2(6), pp. 123–149.
9. Nagubneva , M.I., Chizhevskaya , S.V., Magomedbekov, E.P., Himicheskaya tehnologiya pererabotki otrabotavshego yadernogo topliva kak ob’ekt eksportnogo kontrolya [Chenical technology of processing of spent nuclear fuel as the object of export control], Uspehi v himii I himicheskoi tehnologii, 2017, No 31(10), pp. 40–42.
10. Choi, E.Y., Jeong, S.M., Electrochemical processing of spent nuclear fuels: An overview of oxide reduction in pyroprocessing technology, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 2015, V. 25 (6), pp. 572–582.
11. Bekhtenev, A.A., Volosov, V.I., Problems of thermonuclear reactor with a rotating plasma, Nuclear Fusion, 1980, V. 20, No 5.
12. Volosov, V.I., Pekker, M.S., Longitudinal plasma confinement in a centrifugal trap, Nuclear Fusion, 1981, V. 21, No 10, p. 1275.
13. Fetterman , A.J., Fisch , N.J., The magnetic centrifugal mass filter, Phys. Plasmas, 2011, V. 18, p. 094503. DOI:10.1063/1.3631793
14. Krishnan , M., Geva , M., Hirshfield , J. L., Plasma Centrifuge, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1981, V. 46, p. 36; DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.36
15. Krishnan , M., Geva , M., Hirshfield J. L. Element and isotope separation in a vacuum‐arc centrifuge, Journal of Applied Physics, 1984, V. 56, p. 1398. DOI:10.1063/1.334139
16. Louvet, P. Review of isotopic plasma separation processes, Proc. of the Second Workshop on Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, V. 1, Eds.: Louvet, P., Soubbaramayer N., Versailles-Saclay: Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1989.
17. Grossman , M.W., Shepp , T.A., Plasma isotope separation methods, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1991, V.19, pp. 1114 – 1122. DOI:10.1109/27.125034
18. Ustinnov, A.L., Plazmennie metodi razdeleniya izitopov [Plasma methods of isotope separation], Itogi nayki I tehniki. Seriya Fizika plasmi, V.12, Pod. Red. Karchevskogo,A.I., M.: VINITI, 1991.
19. Smirnov, V.P., Samohin , A.A., Vorona , N.A., Gavrikov, N.A., Issledovanie dvizheniya zaryazhennih chastitc v razlichnih konfiguraciyah polei dlya razvittiya koncepcii plasmennoi separacii otrabotavshego yadernogo topliva [Study of charged particle motion in fields of different configurations for developing the concept of plasma separation of spent nuclear fuel], Fizika plazmi, 2013, V. 39, No 6, pp. 523–533.
20. Patent RU № 24464896: Sposob plazmoopticheskoi mass-separacii i ustroistvo dlya ego osushestvleniya [Plasma-optical mass separation method and apparatus for realizing said method], Strokin, N.A., Astrahantcev, N.V., Bardakov, V.M., Zan, V.N., Kichigin, G.N., Lebedev, N.V., Publ. 27.03.2012, Application 2010127396/07.
21. Patent RU № 2469776: Sposob panoramnoi plazmennoi mass-separacii i ustroistvo panoramnoi plazmennoi mass-separacii (varianti) [Method of panoramic plasma mass-separation and device for method of panoramic plasma mass-separation device (versions)], Strokin, N.A., Bardakov, V.N., Zan, V.N., Publ. 20.12.2012, Application 2011134112/05.
22. Astrahantcev, N.V., Ba rdakov, V.M., Zan , V.N., Kichigin , G.N., Lebedev, N.V., Strokin , N.A. Plazmoopticheskaya separatciya i diagnostica resultatov razdeleniya otrabotavshego yadernogo topliva [Plasma-optic separation and diagnostic results of division spent nuclear fuel], Voprosy atomnoi nayki i tehniki. – 2010, No 4, pp. 310–315.
23. Astrahantcev, N.V., Bardakov, V.M., Zan , V.N., Kichigin , G.N., Lebedev, N.V., Strokin , N.A. Plazmoopticheskie mass-separatori otrabotannogo yadernogo topliva [Plasma-optical mass separators of spent nuclear fuel], Perspectivnye materiali, 2011, No 10, pp. 80–85.
24. Zhiltcov, V.A., Kuligin , V.M., Semashko, N.N., Skovoroda , A.A., Smirnov, V.P., Timofeev, A.V., Kudryavtcev, E.G., Rachkov, V.I., Orlov, V.V., Primenenie metodov plazmennoi separatcii elementov k obrasheniyu s yadernimi materialami [Plasma separation of the elements applied to nuclear materials handling], Atomnaya energiya, 2006, V. 101, No. 4, pp. 302–306.
25. Volosov, V.I., Demenev, V.V., Steshov, A.G., Churkin , I.N., Struktura electricheskih polei v lovushke s vrashayuseisya plasmoi [The structure of electric fields in a trap with a rotating plasma], Prikladnaya fizika, 2000, No 4, pp. 22–27.
26. Lyman , J.L. in Laser Spectroscopy and its Applications, Optical Engineering, Vol. 11, Eds: Radziemski, L.J., Solarz, R.W., Raisner, J.A., New York: M. Dekker, 1987.
27. Bokhan , P.A. et al., Laser Isotope Separation in Atomic Vapor, Berlin: Wiley, VCH, 2006.
28. Jensen , R.J., Sullivan , J.A., Finch, F.T., Laser isotope separation, Separation Science and Technology, 1980, V.15, pp.509–532.
29. Eerkens, J.W., Kim, J., Isotope separation by selective laser-assisted repression of condensation in supersonic free jets, AIChE journal, 2010, V. 56, pp. 2331–2337.
30. Cantrell, C.D. (Ed.), Multiple-Photon Excitation and Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules, Topics in Current Physics, V. 35, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.
31. Patent RU № 2711292: Sposob dezaktivacii elementa konstrukcii yadernogo reactora [Method of decontamination of a structural element of a nuclear reactor] / Petrovskaya, A.S., Tsyganov, A.B., Stakhiv, M.R., Publ. 16.01.2020, Application 2018140999.
32. European patent application WO2019RU00816: Sposob dezaktivacii elementa konstrukcii yadernogo reactora [Method of decontamination of a structural element of a nuclear reactor] / Petrovskaya, A.S., Tsyganov, A.B., Stakhiv, M.R., Publ. 14.11.2019.
33. Petrovskaya , A.S., Kladkov, A.Y., Surov, S.V., Tsyganov, A.B., Raschet temperaturnih rezhimov plazmennoi raspilitelnoi yacheiki dlya dezaktivacii konstrukcionnih elementov yadernih energeticheskih ustanovok [Calculation of temperature conditions of a plasma sputtering cell for decontamination of nuclear power plant constructions], Voprosy materialovedeniya, 2019, V.4, pp. 166–178.
34. Petrovskaya , A.S., Tsyganov, A.B., Kladkov, A.Y., Surov, S.V.,Stakhiv, M.R., Plasma Scraping of 14C surface nano-layer formed by neutron fluence of graphite reactor, Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques, 2020, V. 14, Suppl. 1. P. S175–S178.
35. Petrovskaya , A.S., Kladkov, A.Y., Surov, S.V., Stakhiv, M.R., Tsyganov, A.B. Fabrication of nano-micro-sized 14C enriched constructive elements in plasma deactivation treatment of irradiated reactor graphite, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019, V. 1461, p.012132. DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1461/1/012132
36. Petrovskaya , A.S., Kladkov, A.Y., Surov, S.V., Tsyganov, A.B., Innovacionniy metod plazmennoi dezaktivacii konstrukcii yadernih energeticheskih ustanovok i obluchennogo reactornogo grafita [Innovative plasma deactivation method of the power reactor facility constructions and irradiated reactor graphite], Voprosy atomnoi nauki I tehniki. Seriya: Yaderno-reactornie konstanti, 2018, V. 4, pp. 185–197.
37. Petrovskaya , A.S., Tsyganov, A.B., Surov, S.V., Kladkov, A.Y., Ion Sputtering – Thermal Separation Technology for Spent Nuclear Fuel Processing, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2022, V. 386, Art. No. 111561. DOI:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111561
38. Nesmeyanov, A.N., Davlenie para himicheskih elementov. – Moscow: Izdatelstvo AN SSSR, 1961.
Review
For citations:
Petrovskaya A.S., Tsyganov A.B., Surov S.V., Blokhin D.A. On thermophysical parameters of ion-thermal plasma technology for spent nuclear fuel processing. Voprosy Materialovedeniya. 2022;(4(112)):199-211. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2022-112-4-199-211