

Changes in the properties of polyetheretherketone and composites based on it under the influence of low temperatures (review)
https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2025-121-1-71-89
Abstract
The present work is devoted to the review of studies considering the influence of low and ultra-low temperatures on the properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and composites based on it. The reviewed studies describe the changes in the physical-mechanical, thermo-mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of PEEK at low temperatures, as well as the influence of different fillers on the changes in these properties. The works presented in this review analyze the opportunities, prospects and limitations of PEEK applications under conditions of permanent or temporary exposure to low temperatures. Understanding the trends described in the presented studies can help in modeling the properties of various PEEK-based composites and designing products intended for low-temperature applications.
Keywords
About the Authors
I. V. ZlobinaRussian Federation
Cand Sc. (Eng), 1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq, 123182 Moscow;
77 Polytekhnicheskaya St, 410054 Saratov
D. S. Alexandrova
Russian Federation
1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq, 123182 Moscow
A. S. Egorov
Russian Federation
Cand Sc. (Chem),
1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq, 123182 Moscow
A. V. Anisimov
Russian Federation
Dr Sc. (Eng),
49 Shpalernaya St, 191015 St Petersburg
References
1. Bhong, M., et al., Review of composite materials and applications, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.10.026
2. Nikonovich, M., et al., Structural, thermal, and mechanical characterisation of PEEK-based composites in cryogenic temperature, Polymer Testing, 2023, V. 125, p. 108139. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108139
3. Domininghaus, H., Haim, J., Hyatt, D., Plastics for Engineers: Materials, Properties, Applications, Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co, 1992.
4. Rae, P. J., Brown, E.N., Orler, E.B., The mechanical properties of poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) with emphasis on the large compressive strain response, Polymer, 2007, V. 48, No 2, pp. 598–615. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.032.
5. Wang, Z., et al., Evaluating the potential of thermoplastic polymers for cryogenic sealing applications: strain rate and temperature effects, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2406.01165, 2024.
6. El-Qoubaa, Z., Othman, R., Strain rate sensitivity of polyetheretherketone’s compressive yield stress at low and high temperatures, Mechanics of Materials, 2016, V. 95, pp. 15–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2015.12.008
7. Chu, X.X., et al., Mechanical and thermal expansion properties of glass fibers reinforced PEEK composites at cryogenic temperatures, Cryogenics, 2010, V. 50, No 2, pp. 84–88.
8. Garcia-Gonzalez, D., et al., Low temperature effect on impact energy absorption capability of PEEK composites, Composite Structures, 2015, V. 134, pp. 440–449. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.090
9. Hohe, J., et al., Effect of cryogenic environments on failure of carbon fiber reinforced composites, Composites Science and Technology, 2021, V. 212, p. 108850. DOI: j.compscitech.2021.108850
10. Aoki, T., et al., Cryogenic mechanical properties of CF/polymer composites for tanks of reusable rockets, Advanced composite materials, 2001, V. 10, No 4, pp. 349–356. DOI: 10.1163/156855101753415373
11. Adams, R.D., Gaitonde, J.M., Low-temperature flexural dynamic measurements on PEEK, HTA and some of their carbon fibre composites, Composites science and technology, 1993, V. 47, No 3, pp. 271–287. DOI: 10.1016/0266-3538(93)90036-G
12. Zhang, Z., Hartwig, G., Low-temperature viscoelastic behavior of unidirectional carbon composites, Cryogenics, 1998, V. 38, No 4, pp. 401–405. DOI: 10.1016/S0011-2275(98)00022-8
13. Pheysey, J., et al., Strain rate and temperature dependence of short/unidirectional carbon fibre PEEK hybrid composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2024, V. 268, p. 111080. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.111080
14. Ahlborn, K., Cryogenic mechanical response of carbon fibre reinforced plastics with thermoplastic matrices to quasi-static loads, Cryogenics, 1991, V. 31, No 4, pp. 252–256. DOI: 10.1016/0011-2275(91)90087-D
15. Ahlborn, K., Durability of carbon fibre reinforced plastics with thermoplastic matrices under cyclic mechanical and cyclic thermal loads at cryogenic temperatures, Cryogenics, 1991, V. 31, No 4, pp. 257–260. DOI: 10.1016/0011-2275(91)90088-E
16. Nikonovich, M., Ramalho, A., Emami, N., Effect of cryogenic aging and test-environment on the tribological and mechanical properties of PEEK composites, Tribology International, 2024, V. 194, p. 109554. DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.109554
17. Karger-Kocsis, J., Friedrich, K., Temperature and strain-rate effects on the fracture toughness of poly (ether ether ketone) and its short glass-fibre reinforced composite, Polymer, 1986, V. 27, No 11, pp. 1753–1760. DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(86)90272-7
18. Sasuga, T., Hagiwara, M., Mechanical relaxation of crystalline poly (aryl-ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) and influence of electron beam irradiation, Polymer, 1986, V. 27, No 6, pp. 821–826. DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(86)90288-0
19. Karthikeyan, L., et al., Poly (ether ether ketone) is processed through extrusion-machining and 3D printing: A comparative study on mechanical, thermal and fracture properties at ambient and cryogenic environments, Journal of Elastomers & Plastics, 2021, V. 53, No 6, pp. 672–683. DOI: 10.1177/0095244320961830
20. Wang, Q., Zheng, F., Wang, T., Tribological properties of polymers PI, PTFE and PEEK at cryogenic temperature in vacuum, Cryogenics, 2016, V. 75, pp. 19–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2016.01.001
21. Theiler, G., et al., Friction and wear of carbon fibre filled polymer composites at room and low temperatures, Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik: Entwicklung, Fertigung, Prüfung, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen technischer Werkstoffe, 2004, V. 35, No 10–11, pp. 683–689. DOI: 10.1002/mawe.200400827
22. Ptak, A., Taciak, P., Wieleba, W., Effect of temperature on the tribological properties of selected thermoplastic materials cooperating with aluminium alloy, Materials, 2021, V. 14, No 23, p. 7318. DOI: 10.3390/ma14237318
23. Cui, W., et al., Role of transfer film formation on the tribological properties of polymeric composite materials and spherical plain bearing at low temperatures, Tribology International, 2020, V. 152, p. 106569. DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106569
24. Farrow, G.J., et al., Thermal expansion of PEEK between 80 and 470K, Journal of materials science letters, 1990, V. 9, pp. 743–744. DOI; 10.1007/BF00721820
25. Schwarz, G., Krahn, F., Hartwig, G., Thermal expansion of carbon fibre composites with thermoplastic matrices, Cryogenics, 1991, V. 31, No 4, pp. 244–247. DOI: 10.1016/0011-2275(91)90085-B
Review
For citations:
Zlobina I.V., Alexandrova D.S., Egorov A.S., Anisimov A.V. Changes in the properties of polyetheretherketone and composites based on it under the influence of low temperatures (review). Voprosy Materialovedeniya. 2025;(1(121)):71-89. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2025-121-1-71-89